Introduction

Seasonal flu is one of the most common infectious diseases, especially during changing seasons. While most people can recover from flu within a few days, those with underlying health conditions or weakened immune systems may experience severe complications such as respiratory failure, septic shock, and even death. In this article, we will explore the risks associated with seasonal flu, potential complications, and effective prevention methods to protect both individual and community health.

Table of Contents

1. High-Risk Groups

People with Underlying Health Conditions

Individuals with pre-existing conditions like hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, or weakened immune systems are at higher risk for severe flu complications. For example, a 58-year-old man from Tuyen Quang with a history of hypertension and 30 years of smoking was hospitalized in septic shock after contracting influenza A. He required ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) to support his breathing due to extensive lung damage covering 80-90%.

Elderly Individuals

The elderly are also at high risk for flu complications. A 78-year-old patient from Tu Liem, Hanoi, with a history of hypertension and Alzheimer’s disease required mechanical ventilation and intensive treatment after contracting influenza A. Respiratory failure and bacterial superinfection complicated his condition, making it life-threatening.

2. Dangerous Complications

Severe Respiratory Failure

Severe respiratory failure is the most common complication of seasonal flu, particularly in individuals with pre-existing conditions. Extensive lung damage and bacterial superinfections can lead to severe respiratory failure, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation.

Septic Shock

Septic shock is another dangerous complication, especially in those with weakened immune systems. It can cause multiple organ failure and significantly increase the risk of death.

Myocarditis and Kidney Failure

Myocarditis and kidney failure are rare but serious complications of flu that can cause significant damage to the heart and kidneys, impacting vital bodily functions.

3. Warning Signs Requiring Hospitalization

Persistent High Fever

Persistent fever ≥ 39°C, unresponsive to fever-reducing medication, or convulsions are warning signs that require immediate hospitalization.

Difficulty Breathing and Rapid Breathing

Difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, or irregular breathing patterns indicate respiratory failure and need prompt medical attention.

Chest Pain and Cyanosis

Chest pain or cyanosis (blue discoloration of lips and extremities), along with cold hands and feet, are critical warning signs that require emergency medical care.

Children and Elderly

Children and elderly individuals showing signs of lethargy, extreme fatigue, poor appetite, or frequent vomiting should be closely monitored and hospitalized if necessary.

4. Preventing Seasonal Flu

Annual Flu Vaccination

Getting an annual flu shot is the most effective preventive measure. The flu vaccine helps strengthen our immune system against the virus and reduces the risk of severe complications. Vulnerable groups, including the elderly, immunocompromised individuals, those with underlying health conditions, pregnant women, and children under 5 years old, should proactively get vaccinated annually.

Implementing Hygiene Measures

• Personal hygiene: Wear masks, wash hands frequently, and stay warm.
• Environmental hygiene: Improve home cleanliness, avoid damp environments, and ensure adequate sunlight.
• Maintain good health: Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and boost your immune system.

Conclusion

Seasonal flu can lead to serious complications, particularly for those with pre-existing conditions or weakened immune systems. However, by getting an annual flu shot and following effective preventive measures, we can reduce the risk of infection and protect the health of ourselves and our communities. Always pay attention to your own health and that of those around you to avoid severe consequences.

References

1. Dantri.com.vn – “Placed on ECMO after a few days of sniffles, how dangerous is seasonal flu?”
2. WHO – Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of flu.
3. Ministry of Health Vietnam – Report on the 2024-2025 flu season situation.