Measles, a highly contagious and dangerous disease, poses a serious threat to public health. Its rapid spread makes it crucial to understand the risks and preventive measures.
Rapid Spread and Public Health Threat
Measles is transmitted through respiratory droplets, spreading extremely rapidly. Approximately 90% of unvaccinated individuals will contract the disease upon close contact with an infected person. On average, one infected individual can transmit the illness to 12-18 others. Only a community with at least 95% immunity can effectively control its spread.
Recently, there have been approximately 40,000 suspected cases of measles nationwide, with at least 5 fatalities. The southern region has reported the highest number of cases (57%), followed by the central region (19%) and northern region (15%), along with the Central Highlands. These alarming numbers highlight the critical need for disease prevention.
Dangerous Measles Complications
Measles is not just an unpleasant illness. It can lead to several severe complications, including:
- Middle ear infection: Causing pain and affecting hearing.
- Pneumonia: Leading to breathing difficulties and lung damage.
- Diarrhea: Causing dehydration and bodily weakness.
- Corneal ulceration: Potentially causing blindness.
- Encephalitis: Leading to serious neurological disorders.
In severe cases, measles can be fatal.
Vaccination: The Most Effective Prevention
Currently, there is no specific treatment for measles. Vaccination is the most effective and safest preventative measure. According to Professor Tran Dac Phu, former Director of the Department of Preventive Medicine, unvaccinated individuals are almost certain to contract the disease if exposed to an infected person. The rapid spread of measles is evident in the common saying: “Passing by the sickbed of a measles patient can also cause infection”.
Ministry of Health Recommendations for Prevention
To prevent measles and protect public health, the Ministry of Health recommends:
- Complete vaccination: Children aged 9 months to 2 years who haven’t been vaccinated or haven’t received both doses of the measles vaccine should receive their full vaccination. Other age groups (6-9 months, 1-10 years) should also participate in measles vaccination campaigns according to Ministry of Health guidelines.
- Minimize close contact: Avoid letting children come into close contact with suspected measles patients. Wear masks in crowded areas and regularly wash hands with soap when caring for children.
- Maintain good hygiene: Keep children’s bodies, noses, throats, eyes, and mouths clean daily. Ensure proper nutrition and keep them warm.
- Environmental sanitation: Daycares, kindergartens, and schools should maintain clean, well-ventilated, and adequately lit environments. Regularly disinfect toys, learning materials, and classrooms with disinfectants.
- Prompt diagnosis and treatment: If you suspect measles (fever, cough, runny nose, rash), isolate the child promptly and take them to a medical facility for diagnosis and treatment.
Conclusion
Measles poses a significant threat to public health. Vaccination, adherence to preventive measures, and prompt detection and treatment of suspected cases are crucial to preventing outbreaks. Take action today to safeguard your health and the health of your community.
Rapid airborne transmission of measles, 5 prevention tips from Ministry of Health – 1
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